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Youtube: "English Conversation 01", "English Conversation 02", ... ?

  * Syllable Stress
  * [[Sentence Stress]]

Combining form: 
stand up show
  * Ali Wong
  * ronny chieng

英式音标（DJ音标）和美式音标（K.K.音标）

[[Eng202203]] [[Eng202202]] [[Eng202201]] 

[[Eng202112]] [[Eng202111]] [[Eng202110]] [[Eng202109]] [[Eng202108]] [[Eng202107]] [[Eng202106]]

learn english story level 6: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiLADGxdlggDc14zkO2CVlQ

====== Aug 2025 ======
Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) was a prince who became a **renunciant** when he left his palace to seek enlightenment: someone who gives up worldly possessions, desires, and attachments to pursue a spiritual or religious life

====== May 2021 ======
University is just a **stepping stone** to the real world

high school **transcript**/ grades: a written or printed version of material originally presented in another medium 高中成绩单 

Apple Stock **Malaise** Wears Out Analyst While Others Stay Hopeful.
  * **Malaise**/maˈleɪz/: a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify.
     * We were discussing the roots of the current economic **malaise**

There is a **time-honoured tradition** of British actors moving to the US.
  * **A time-honoured tradition/way** of doing something is one that has been used and respected **for a very long time**.

You are a **SAP**: stupid

**domesticated** dogs: (of an animal) tame and kept as a pet or on a farm.
  * domesticated /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪtɪd/

Give him a little while to let him **blow off some stream**.

it is a **neuter** word in Greek: 
  * neuter /ˈnjuːtə/: of or denoting a gender of nouns in some languages, typically contrasting with **masculine** and **feminine** or common.中性
  * **mascu**l**ine**/ˈmaskjʊlɪn/: adj, having qualities or appearance traditionally associated with men.
  * **femi**n**ine**" /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/
  * mascu-, mas-: Latin: male, manly, of or relating to men or boys; of the male sex and gender; bold, courageous
  * fem-, femi-: Latin: woman, women; not masculine: neither man nor men
  * -ine: Greek > Latin: a suffix that is used to form hundreds of words that mean: similar to, resembling, like, characterized by, or of the nature of

Look, I hate to **burst your bubble**, but there is no way you're getting into Harvard! You're a C student!
  * **burst somebody's bubble**: To bring someone back to reality, especially if they are dreaming or fantasizing about something unrealistic

She was **discharged** well three days later with no **obstetrical** complication other than **gestational** diabetes. There was no symptom of **postnatal** depression and the woman did not mention any suicidal **ideation**.
  * **obstetrical**/əbˈstɛtrɪk(ə)l/: Relating to childbirth and the processes associated with it 产科的
  * **gest**ational:
  * ger-, ges-, gest-: Latin: carry, produce; to bear
  * **gestation** /dʒɛˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/: the process or period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth.
     * Gestation is defined as the time between conception and birth
  * **postnatal**/pəʊstˈneɪtl/: Of, relating to, characteristic of, or denoting the period after childbirth.产后
     * **nasc**-, nat-: Latin: born, birth
  * **ideation**/ˌʌɪdɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/: The formation of ideas or concepts.

Woman who committed suicide with newborn daughter suffered from **postpartum** depression as **Coroner** said
  * post**par**tum/pəʊs(t)ˈpɑːtəm/: Following childbirth or the birth of young
     * post-: after
     * **para-, par-, -parous, -partum**: Greek > Latin: to bring forth, to bear; producing viable offspring; giving birth to; brood; secreting, for example: alloparent, alloparental, ambiparous, andropara, androparous
  * Coroner: An official who investigates violent, sudden, or suspicious deaths.

postpartum period <-> postnatal period
  * The terms “postpartum period” and “postnatal period” are often used interchangeably but sometimes separately, when “postpartum” refers to issues pertaining to the mother and “postnatal” refers to those concerning the baby.


unlawful killing **perpetrated** by her mother: Carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action).
  * perpetrate /ˈpəːpɪtreɪt/: carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action).

If you could **go back in time** do all over again would you choose me ? 回到过去

Stocks **drift sideways** as traders **shake off** inflation concerns横盘整理
  * drift sideways: to, towards, or from the side.
  * shake off:  to get rid of something bad

US President Biden's climate **gambit** faces steep political **hurdles**
  * gambit: a device, action, or opening remark, typically one entailing a degree of risk, that is calculated to gain an advantage.
  * **entail**: Involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence
     * a situation that entails considerable risks

During **circuit breaker**, we all stay at home 

**swab**: An **absorbent** pad or piece of material used in surgery and medicine for cleaning wounds, applying medication, or taking specimens.

New York prosecutors have **convened** a special grand jury to consider evidence in a criminal investigation into former President Donald Trump's business dealings
  * convene: Come or bring together for a meeting or activity; assemble.

North Korea has banned **mullets**, nose **piercings**, and skinny jeans.
  * mullets: a man's hairstyle in which the hair is cut short at the front and sides and left **long at the back**.

pathogen/ˈpaθədʒ(ə)n/: a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
  * path-, patho-, -path-, -pathia, -pathic, -pathology, -pathetic, -pathize, -pathy: Greek: feeling, sensation, perception; suffering, disease, or disorder; a system of treating diseases

**hillbilly**:
  * 1) an **unsophisticated** country person, as associated originally with the remote regions of the Appalachians 乡巴佬
    * Why you give me an hillbilly grin ? 

  * 2) old-fashioned term for country music.
    * he played sweet hillbilly guitar

**unsophisticated**: Lacking refined worldly knowledge or tastes

this stupid machine **bust** again
  * 1) verb: break, split, or burst (something).
  * 2) Noun: a woman's chest as measured around her breasts. a 36-inch bust

The Presidency of the Assembly should remain as **proactive** as possible.
  * **proactive**: (of a person or action) creating or controlling a situation rather than just responding to it after it has happened.
    * employers must take a proactive approach to equal pay

carotid-, caroti-, carotio: Greek: 1) karos, deep sleep, drowsiness; 2) the great **arteries** of the neck
  * carotid /kəˈrɒtɪd/:
  * caroticoclinoid, caroticotympanic, caroticotympanic canals, carotid, carotid aneurysm

the **shard** must have **sliced** her **trachea**
  * **shard** /ʃɑːd/: a piece of broken ceramic, metal, glass, or rock, typically having sharp edges.
  * slice: cut
  * **trachea**/trəˈkiːə,ˈtreɪkɪə/: a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx 喉to the **bronchial tubes**支气管 and conveying air to and from the lungs; the **windpipe**气管
  * larynx/ˈlarɪŋks/喉

  * Help me ! Help me !
  * Ok. But I need you to **save your strength**.停止挣扎，省点力气


wooden mallet/ˈmalɪt/: 木槌

the cops raided the warehouse but the place was **clean as a whistle**: free of incriminating evidence.

The sink was **clean as a whistle** after he scrubbed it: extremely clean or clear.

This kind of Physical Therapy session is just pure **torture**.

I usually work in the **pediatric** ward: 
  * **ped**iatric /piːdɪˈatrɪk/: relating to the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases.
  * pedo-, paedo-, ped-, paed-, paido-, paid-: Greek: child, boy; infant
  * iatro-, iater-, -iatria, -iatric, -iatrician, -iatrics: Greek: physician; heal, cure, treat; medical healing

I tried living in the city, but I was/felt **out of my element** there.
  * out of one's element: in a place or situation that is **not suitable** to a person

He is just trying to **get a rise out of you**.
  * get a rise out of sb: to annoy sb

Her tears streaked her face
  * **streak** [strēk]: cover (a surface) with streaks.
  * the cat leaped free and **streaked** across the street

I can't stand around **chitchatting**
  * **chitchat**: talk about **trivial** matters.
  * **trivial**: of little value or importance.
     * I didn't want to bother you with such **a trivial matter**.

stowaway: 偷渡者

**holy crap** ! a slightly **vulgar** exclamation that expresses surprise

There is **an edge** in your voice. 话里带刺
  * edge: It means that there is an **underlying emotion** in the tone of his voice

we will sign **a scholarship deed** with you and your two **sureties**.
  * **deed**: a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal rights.
  * **surety** /ˈʃʊərɪti,ˈʃɔːrɪti/: a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, for example their appearing in court or the payment of a debt

CAAS ensures that the **remuneration** package offered remain competitive through regular review and benchmarking.
  * remuneration/rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/: money paid for work or a service.薪酬

CAAS recognises qualifications **accredited** by the **home government of the country** where the institution is located.
  * accredited/əˈkrɛdɪtɪd/: (of a person, organization, or course of study) officially recognized or authorized 认可
  * cred-, credit-, creed-: Latin: believe, belief; faith; confidence; trust

We accept candidates from any **discipline** of studies for most of our position
  * discipline: a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education 学科

His friends kept **egging him on**, but Daniel refused to steal the watch.
  * Egg sb. on: To **urge** someone to do something that is usually negative 

He continued to look **spry** and active well into his eighties.
  * spry: (especially of an old person) active; lively.

The rich AT&T dividend is **on the chopping block**.
  * on the chopping block: likely to be fired, removed, or eliminated, etc

Wall Street tries to **stave off** 4th session of losses after jobless claims
  * stave off: avert or delay something bad or dangerous.
  * stave: 
     * verb: break something by forcing it inwards or piercing it roughly.
     * noun: a vertical wooden post or plank in a building or other structure.

  * We are young **for our age**.更同龄人比，我们还算年轻
  * yeah. **50's new 40**. 50岁的人当自己40岁

They were **clowning on** me: 笑话我

He marked the spot on his map where he had seen the gold and returned later that month to **stake his claim**.
  * **stake his claim**: If you **stake a claim** to something, you say or show that you have a right to it and that it should belong to you: 
  * **stake**: support (a plant) with a stake or stakes.

"I swear by **almighty** God".
  * **almighty**: having complete power; omnipotent.
I have **walked the narrow path** my whole life: 一直都在走独木桥

**hypo**glyc**emia** shock: 低血糖休克
  * **hypoglycemia** /ˌhʌɪpəʊɡlʌɪˈsiːmɪə/: deficiency of **glucose** in the bloodstream.
  * hypo-, hyp-： Greek: under, below, beneath; less than; too little; deficient, diminished; used as a prefix
  * glyco-, glyc-：Greek: sweet, sugar
  * -emia, -aemia：Greek: a suffix; blood, usually a diseased condition of the blood

cf: **glucose** 葡萄糖<->**lactose** 乳糖
  * **Lactose** is a sugar found in milk. It is a **disaccharide** made up of **glucose** and galactose units. It is broken down into the two parts by an enzyme called lactase. Once broken down, the simple sugars can be absorbed into the bloodstream
  * lacto-, lact-, lacti-: Latin: milk
  * gluco-, gluc-, gluk-: glucose

**tachy**cardiac: adj 心动过速
  * **tachycardia** /ˌtakɪˈkɑːdɪə/: n 心动过速
  * **tacho-, tach-, tachy-**: Greek: fast, speed, swift, rapid
  * cardio-, cardi-, card-: Greek: heart, pertaining to the heart

It seems like **myocardial infarction** 心肌梗塞
  * **myocardial**/mʌɪə(ʊ)ˈkɑːdɪəl/: relating to the muscular tissue of the heart.
  * myo-, my-, myos-: combining form, of muscle; relating to muscles.
  * **infarction**/ɪnˈfɑːkʃ(ə)n/: **obstruction** of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a **thrombus** or **embolus**, causing local death of the tissue.
  * farc-, fars-: Latin: to **plug up** or to cram, to stuff; by extension, practical joke, sham; fiasco
  * plug up: To become obstructed or filled up such that nothing can get through.
  * thrombus /ˈθrɒmbəs/: a **blood clot** formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.
  * thrombo-, thromb-: Greek: clot, lump; aggregation of blood factors
  * embolus /ˈɛmbələs/: a blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an **embolism**.
  * embolism: obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble.
  * embolo-, embol-, emboli-: Greek > Latin: that which is thrust into something; wedge, stopper
  * **situ** /sɪtju/ : a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally",


his skin felt cold and **clammy**
  * **clammy**: unpleasantly damp and sticky or **slimy** to touch.
  * **slimy**/ˈslʌɪmi/: covered by or having the feel or consistency of slime.黏糊糊的
  * **slime**: a moist, soft, and slippery substance, typically regarded as **repulsive**.粘液
     * cf: slim: thin
     * cf: lime: a rounded citrus fruit 

**citrus** /ˈsɪtrəs/: a tree of a genus that includes **citron**香橼, lemon柠檬, lime酸橙, orange橙, and grapefruit葡萄柚. Native to Asia, citrus trees are cultivated in warm countries for their fruit.

**gluco**se/ˈɡluːkəʊs,ˈɡluːkəʊz/: a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates 葡萄糖
  * gluco-, gluc-, gluk-: Greek: sweet, sweetness

**Get on the ground** ! 趴下!

Nobody likes to say **hard thing**: 没人愿意做坏人

Two for the Price of One: 1) Buy one get one free, a sales promotion  2)  a song on the album

**subtlety** /ˈsʌt(ə)lti/: the quality or state of being subtle.
  * **subtle** /ˈsʌt(ə)l/

"The **Tell-Tale Heart**" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1843. It is related by an unnamed **narrator** who endeavors to convince the reader of the narrator's sanity while simultaneously describing a murder the narrator committed

Most new restaurants fail, but this one somehow managed to **beat the odds**.
  * **beat the odds**: to succeed despite not having a good chance of succeeding 
  * odds: 
     * the balance of advantage; superiority in strength, power, or resources: she clung to the lead against all the odds
     * the ratio between the amounts staked by the parties to a bet, based on the expected probability either way: the bookies are offering odds of 8-1 赔率
     * the chances or likelihood of something happening or being the case: Living with air pollution increases your **odds of an early death** by 5%, 生活在空氣汙染中使你早死的機率提升 5%



"the enormous popularity of his TV show makes the book a **no-brainer** for him"
  * no-brainer: INFORMAL something that requires or involves little or no **mental effort**.

language is not in general an **iconic** sign system
  * Iconic /aɪˈkɑnɪk/: Being widely recognized as a symbol of something

There is nothing as **obnoxious** as some **jerk** laying on their horn in traffic.
  * **obnoxious**: Annoying or rude; offensive
  * nox-, noxi-, noc-, nui-, nec-: Latin: harmful, to do harm; injury, injurious; hurt, damage
  * ob-2: Latin: against
  * -ous, -ious, -eous: Latin: full of or having the qualities of;
  * Jerk: a **contemptibly** foolish person.
  * temno-, temn-, tempt-: Latin: despise, scorn, disdain
  * contemptibly: 

Oh, you **dingbat**:　Silly **empty-headed** person

In Germany, **cold calling** is illegal.
  * **cold-call**/cold-calling: make an **unsolicited** visit or phone call to (someone), in an attempt to sell goods or services.
  ***unsolicited**: not asked for; given or done voluntarily.
  ***solicit**: ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone.
     * he called a meeting to solicit their views
  * **voluntarily** /ˈvɒl(ə)ntrɪli/: of one's own free will/volition 
     * many restaurants **voluntarily** removed it from their menus

Okay, so **binge** drinking is becoming a bit of a problem in some quarters of German society at the moment, but it's nothing like what it is in Britain.
  * **binge**: To eat or drink too much at one time

I don't want to give the impression that I'm **pining** for the 1930s, but just take a look at the current **crop** of German politicians, and see if you can spot a single ounce of **charisma**(/kəˈrɪzmə/).
  * **pining**: Feeling of deep longing or missing someone
     * pine /pʌɪn/: 
        * 1) noun, a kind of tree
        * 2) verb, suffer a mental and physical decline, especially because of a broken heart.
        * 3) verb, miss or long for.
     * **pin** /pɪn/: hold (someone) firmly in a specified position so they are unable to move.
        * she was standing pinned against the door
  * **a crop of** sb/sth: a group of people who arrive or things that happen at the same time
  * **charisma**/kəˈrɪzmə/: Special quality of a person that charms/attracts
     * charis-: Greek: grace, beauty, kindness; to rejoice at; extended to attractiveness, personal charm

  * I have no time！ - 没有多少**活着的时间**了
  * I'm **running out of time**. 我没时间啦！
  * I'm **in a rush**, talk to you later.我真的赶时间，晚点再找你说。
  * You see, I'm **in the middle of something**. 你看，我正忙着呢。
  * I can't make it at that time. 我那个时候脱不开身啊。
  * I am **tied up**. 我有事走不开。
  * Sorry, I'm **otherwise engaged**. 对不起，我有其他安排了。

**crunchy/crispy ** on the outside, **fluffy** on the inside
  * **fluffy**: Covered with a light, soft material

I'll **pound** the nuts up in a **pestle and mortar** 

**oozy** chocolate, **caramelised** banana,
     * oozy: damp with moisture.
     * **caramel**/ˈkarəməl,ˈkarəmɛl/: 焦糖
     * **caramelise** /ˈkar(ə)məlʌɪz/: To convert into caramel or add caramel to

Lovely **free-range** eggs  散养鸡蛋

I felt like my entire career was **catching up**, and then, being a black woman in the ballet world, I felt like I had to **work twice as hard** because of that as well, and there's so much **negative stereotyping** and **misrepresentations** of who we are **perpetuated** in the media.
  * **catching up**: succeed in reaching a person who is ahead of one.
  * **work twice as hard**: 
  * **stereotyping** /ˈstɛrɪə(ʊ)tʌɪp,ˈstɪərɪə(ʊ)tʌɪp/: To wrongly categorize people as all the same
  * misrepresentations: Misleading falsehood
  * **perpetuated** /pəˈpɛtʃʊeɪt/: To make something continue for a long time
  * per-: Latin: through, across, over; beyond, by means of
  * peti-, pet-, -pit-: Latin: to aim at, aim for, go toward; to seek, seek out, ask, request; strive after

When I do my work, I want it to have this real **visceral** reaction whether it's bringing them to tears, whether it's inspiring them. 
  * visceral /ˈvɪsərəl/: From deep within you; caused by strong **instincts**
  * viscer-, viscero-, visceri-, visc-: Latin: internal organs; all that is under the skin, all parts in the body except flesh or muscles; entrails; any large interior organ in any of the three great cavities of the body; specifically, those within the chest; such as, the heart or lungs; or in the abdomen; such as, the liver, pancreas, and intestines; and in the head; such as, the brain

the wine was **decanted** about 40 minutes before being served
  * decant: gradually pour (liquid, typically wine or a solution) from one container into another, especially without disturbing the sediment.
  * sediment: matter that **settles to the bottom** of a liquid; dregs.
the ice freezes the wine and **sediment** at the base of the cork
     * sed-, sedat-, -sid, -sess: Latin: sit, sitting   


catchall: a term or **category** that includes a variety of different possibilities.
  * The list is just a **catchall** of things I want to see or do on vacation
  * 
sugar ****lactose****: 糖**乳糖**
  * lactose /ˈlaktəʊz,ˈlaktəʊs/: Lactose is a sugar found in milk. It is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose units. It is broken down into the two parts by an **enzyme** called lactase.
  * disaccharide /dʌɪˈsakərʌɪd/: any of a class of sugars whose **molecules** contain two monosaccharide residues.二糖
     * di-: two
     * saccharo-, sacchari-, sacchar-: Greek > Latin: sugar; originally from Sanskrit, "gravel, grit"

The obvious stuff is the **protein**, and **whey** has quite a diverse **amino acid** profile: 显而易见的东西是蛋白质，而乳清具有多种多样的氨基酸特征。
  * whey: the watery part of milk that remains after the formation of curds.
  * amino /əˈmiːnəʊ,əˈmʌɪnəʊ/: the group —NH2, present in amino acids, amides, and many amines.

It contains **amino**(氨基酸) acids such as the common glutamine, the dopamine aide tyrosine, nitric oxide booster arginine, and others such as lysine, glycine, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid.

you’ll **bump into** the occasional post of the awesome **protein shake** they took **right before** they hit the gym.
  * bump into: to meet someone unexpectedly.
I don't have the **balls**: confidence and the ability to deal with dangerous or difficult situations

So if you make **unintended keystrokes,** return to Normal Mode using Esc
  * **unintended**: Not planned or meant.

we **scrambled** over the damp **boulders**
  * **scramble**: make one's way quickly or awkwardly up a steep gradient or over rough ground by using one's hands as well as one's feet.
  *  **boulder**: a large rock, typically one that has been **worn smooth by erosion**.
  * cf: shoulder

**trouncing** Wall Street’s expectations: Defeat heavily in a contest.
  * **trounce** /traʊns/

**Enamel**, the **outermost** layer of the tooth, is the toughest stuff the body can make, but it can't repair itself.
  * enamel /ɪˈnam(ə)l/

In the right **concentrations** -- that is, point-8 to 1.2 parts per million -- fluoride reduces **tooth enamel**(牙釉质 ) solubility during its formation, helping it **solidify** and form teeth that are more resistant to bacterial attack.
  * **concentrations**: the relative amount of a given substance contained within a solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution.

In the 1940s, scientists found that people living near natural water sources with 1 part per million of **fluoride**(氟化物) had fewer **cavities**. So, they decided to add fluoride up to that concentration to reduce **cavities** for everyone.
  * -ide: forming nouns denoting binary compounds of a nonmetallic or more **electronegative** element or group 化合物
     * chlor.ide
        * chlor, chloro = 氯, 绿
     * fluor.ide
     * nitr.ide 氮化物

There are three types: **solid meat nuggets**, **ground** meat nuggets, and nuggets meat from ground meat with **additives**.
  * **Ground meat**, called mince or **minced meat** outside of North America 

**vessels**, cartilage, and skin:Tubes that carry blood through the body

McDonald's released its nuggets with three **signature sauces**: barbecue, sweet sour, and hot **mustard**.
  * mustard: Spicy yellow or brown condiment used to add flavor

he was a bit **squeamish** at the sight of the giant needles
  * **squeamish**: /ˈskwi:mɪʃ/ Easily shocked or upset, e.g. by seeing blood
  * 

Its McNugget Mania ad campaign **cast** the nugget **as** a cheap delicious snack to share.

McDonald's introduced the **battered** and fried chicken nugget: To damage or hurt by being hit, or from hard use

When it was first introduced, people saw it as being **sanitary** because human hands weren't you know touching the food: Designed to keep things clean to prevent disease

why is demand for nuggets **flatlining**? : fail to increase; remain static.

chicken **nuggets** have long been a **staple** for American families: 
  * **nuggets**: Small, solid lump (of gold, chicken, wisdom etc.)
  * **staple**: A basic food that is eaten all the time

prom / promenade /ˌprɒməˈnɑːd,ˌprɒməˈneɪd,ˈprɒmənɑːd,ˈprɒməneɪd/: 毕业舞会

merry-go-rounds: 旋转木马

I **tripped** and **skinned** my knee.

psychopath: A person suffering from **chronic mental disorder** with abnormal or violent social behavior.
  * psycho-

paedophile / pedophile /ˈpiːdə(ʊ)fʌɪl/: A person who is sexually attracted to children.
  * paedo- /ˈpiːdə(ʊ)/
  * -phile: denoting a person or thing having a fondness for a specified thing.

fewer **dietary** restrictions: 
  * dietary /ˈdʌɪət(ə)ri/

Accumulation of these substances is **toxic** to the human system: Poisonous

**ammonium** **ions** remain in blood 铵(N)离子
  * **ions**:　An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
  * ammonium /əˈməʊnɪəm/

The **tubular** coil of **cellophane** is semi-**permeable** in nature, which allows small **molecules** to pass through.
  * coil: a length of something wound in a joined sequence of concentric rings
  * **cellophane**: Transparent paper-like material used to wrap candy
     * phanero-, phaner-, -phane, -phan, -phanic, -phanous,-phany: Greek: to show; to make visible, to manifest, to open 
     * Diaphane, adiaphane. 透明，不透明。
  * **cellulose**: [ˈselyəˌlōs] an **insoluble** substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a **polysaccharide** consisting of chains of **glucose** monomers.纤维素纤维
     * cellulo-, celluli-, cellul-: Latin: a small cell, consisting of cells; a small storeroom
  * **insoluble** : Impossible to solve.
     * solv-, -solu-, solut-, -sol, -soluble, -solubility, -solvent: Latin: loosen, to loose; to dissolve; to untie, to set free
  * **polysaccharide**: A **carbohydrate** (e.g. **starch**(淀粉), **cellulose**(纤维素), or **glycogen**(糖原)) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.多糖
  * **saccharide**: another term for sugar 
  * **glycogen**: A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of **carbohydrates**. It is a **polysaccharide** which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
    * glyco-, glyc-: Greek: sweet, sugar


**nitrogenous [nʌɪˈtrɒdʒɪnəs]** wastes : containing nitrogen in chemical combination

**Dialysis** is also called **haemodialysis**: A medical procedure to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances

====== Apr 2021 ======
Boeing (BA) on Wednesday reported a wider than expected loss during the first quarter, as the aerospace giant continued its slow recovery from the double-**barreled** blast of COVID-19 and the **idling** of its flagship 737 MAX plane, grounded for nearly a year: Drive or move in a way that is so fast as to almost be out of control.

Corporates, however, still seem **reticent** to fully embrace the narrative of a booming U.S. economy that will continue powering better-than-expected results. : not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily

If you are always trying to fit in, you are doing nothing more than **wearing yourself out**.

Nirvana: Extinction of desires when you reach perfect peace

COVID cases are suddenly falling in 4 hard-hit Northeastern states. Does that mean **herd immunity** is on the way群体免疫

Some **cardinal** virtues: Of the greatest importance; paramount
  * cardinal: [n] 红衣主教
  * cf: **cardio**: **cardiovascular** exercise.

Today, we **colloquially [kəˈləʊkwɪəli]** use the word stoic to mean someone who remains calm under pressure and avoids emotional extremes: informally

A **simile** is a metaphor that admits it's making a comparison: a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or **vivid** (e.g., as brave as a lion, crazy like a fox ).明喻

**Metaphors** are a way to talk about one thing: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is **not literally applicable**. 隐喻

**antibody**抗体: a blood protein produced in response to and **counteracting** a specific **antigen**（抗原）
  * antigen: A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies
 
**chlorine**:  the chemical element of atomic number 17, a toxic, **irritant**, pale green gas. 氯
  * irritant: A substance that causes slight inflammation or other discomfort to the body.

Intel and TSMC (TSM) having already set huge 2021 **capex** budgets: **cap**ital **ex**penditure

Intel announced that it plans to re-enter the **foundry** (chip contract manufacturing) market and spend about $20 billion to build a pair of new fabs to service foundry clients.: a workshop or factory for casting metal

Here's a **run-down** of some notable takeaways from Intel, ASML (ASML) , Lam Research (LRCX) and Seagate (STX) 's earnings reports and calls: an analysis or summary of something by a knowledgeable person.

**anaphylaxis**: an acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g. a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive.

I’m not **sanguine**. The next six months of diplomacy will be absolutely critical: optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
  * he is **sanguine** about prospects for the global economy.

Stocks are at **all-time highs** and the U.S. economy is booming. So why is everyone so **freaked out**?: 害怕

From Facebook to LinkedIn, data-**scraping leaks proliferate**: 数据收集泄漏激增
  * **Data scraping**, also known as **web scraping**, is the process of importing information from a website into a spreadsheet or local file saved on your computer.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. said Wednesday that first-quarter profit nearly **quintupled** after the bank released $5.2 billion it had set aside to cover soured loans: increase or cause to increase fivefold.

quint: 五重奏

**A deluge of** corporate earnings results and economic data due for release this week will test investors after the stock market's latest record-setting rally： inundate with a great quantity of something 大量的

Tehran reserves the right to take action against the **perpetrators**:  A person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.

**go-to phrase** during Chinese new year: 惯用语

Microsoft stock has a **subpar** IBD Relative Strength Rating of 42 out of 99. The best growth stocks typically have RS Ratings of at least 80: Below an average level.
  * subpar: Below an average level.

Intel stock has a subpar IBD Relative Strength Rating of 44. The best growth stocks typically have RS Ratings of at least 80. The Relative Strength rating shows how a stock's price performance **stacks up against** all other stocks over the last 52 weeks.: To compare the worth or power of something

He **doubled down** on the company's commitment to in-house manufacturing but said Intel will use outside fabs for some chip production: strengthen one's commitment to a particular strategy or course of action, typically one that is potentially risky.
  * double down: strengthen one's commitment to a particular strategy or course of action, typically one that is potentially risky.

The jobs report Friday was largely hailed by analysts as a **harbinger** of an economic recovery: A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another.

====== Mar 2021 ======
7 **Bellwether** Stocks to Buy That Will Soar As Normalcy Nears: the leading sheep of a flock, with a bell on its neck.

Some investing experts are **leery** of the Fed’s stance, but Bank of America is advising clients to take advantage
:cautious or wary due to realistic suspicions.

It **takes one to know one**": you are the same kind of bad person you are accusing someone else of being.
  * example: President Vladimir Putin said on Thursday that it takes one to know one after the U.S. president said he thought Putin was a killer, adding that he wished Biden good health.

That doesn’t sound too bad, but it’s all about expectations. And if that happens, growth stocks like those in the Nasdaq Composite will **take it on the chin**, for a little while at least: accept misfortune courageously or **stoically**.

Investors are debating whether the decline is an opportunity to **scoop up bargains** or a sign of more pain to come for stocks that have led markets higher for years: 抄底
  * **scoop**: pick up and move (something) with a scoop.

The **pullback** for the much **ballyhooed** ETF reflects the broader pullback in tech stocks in recent weeks: Praise or **publicize** **extravagantly**.


====== Feb 2021 ======
Alaska woman using **outhouse** attacked by bear: a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a toilet.

  * **bunk bed**： a piece of furniture consisting of two beds, **one above the other**, that form a unit. 双层床
  * Loft bed： 高架床


An economic **moat** acts as a powerful deterrent to those considering encroaching the territory of a business.

====== Jan 2021 ======
Asia shares **undone** by Wall Street **swoon**, short seller squeeze
  * swoon: Faint from extreme emotion

This current work from home environment is further **catalyzing** more enterprises to make the strategic cloud shift with Microsoft across the board with Azure growth remaining brisk

Microsoft (MSFT) reported its Q2 2021 earnings after the closing bell on Tuesday, easily beating expectations on the **top and bottom lines**
  * top line: refers to a company's revenues or gross sales
  * bottom line: a company's net income,

Covid-19 pandemic still taking a **toll** on public transport worldwide:
  * toll: the number of deaths, casualties, or injuries arising from particular circumstances, such as a natural disaster, conflict, or accident.
  * 
a **barter** trade: exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.

**leotard**: a close-fitting one-piece garment 紧身连衣裤

cannabis/ˈkanəbɪs/:

unsubscribe <-> **subscribe** 

If you are **tighten** something **down**, you are making it more tight.

wear **earmuffs** is for **auditory** protection. 耳罩

you are **rattled**. **checkmate**.
  * **rattled**: 1) cause (someone) to feel nervous, worried, or irritated. 2) Make or cause to make a rapid succession of short, sharp knocking sounds
  * **checkmate**: a check from which a king cannot escape. 将军

**keep** (someone or something) **in check**: To limit or restrain someone or something.
  * We need to come up with provisions to keep the new director in check—otherwise, he'll totally dismantle our department.

he went on a **binge** and was in no shape to drive: a period of excessive indulgence in an activity, especially eating, drinking, or taking drugs.

a Russian pianist who was a child **prodigy** (/ˈprɒdɪdʒi/) in his day: a person, especially a young one, endowed with exceptional qualities or abilities. 

his resignation was a tactical **gambit**(/ˈɡambɪt/): a device, action, or opening remark, typically one entailing a degree of risk, that is calculated to gain an advantage.

Here at the **confluence**(/ˈkɒnflʊəns/) of the Laramie and North Platte Rivers: the junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width.

Trump administration takes final **swipes** at China and its companies: hit or try to hit with a swinging blow.

he was a photographer whose fame **rivaled** that of his subjects: be or seem to be equal or comparable to.

instruct patients to **gargle** with warm water：wash one's mouth and throat with a liquid kept in motion by exhaling through it.

There were **ominous** dark clouds gathering overhead: giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen; threatening; inauspicious.

Democrat Rev. Raphael Warnock beat Sen. Kelly Loeffler in Georgia, winning one of two Senate **runoffs** in the state: A further competition, election, race, etc., after a tie or inconclusive result.

Democrats have **pulled off** at least one Senate win in Georgia: to carry out despite difficulties

However, three analysts still recommend that shareholders **close positions(平仓)** and move to the **sidelines**(观望态度):  executing a security transaction that is the exact opposite of an open position, thereby nullifying it and eliminating the initial exposure

The labor market is being hit with a double **whammy**: an event with a powerful and unpleasant effect; a blow

**You bet**: strongly agree or say yes to someboy.
  * See you tomorrow
  * Yeah, you bet.

**bourse**: 交易所 A stock market in a non-English-speaking country, especially France.

====== Dec 2020 ======
**That's the thing**: to introduce an option that shows disagreement or counter-argument
  * Why don't you go to party there. it will be fun and you will meet many peoples.
  * well, **that's the thing**. I don't really like crowds.

**sea urchins**/ˈəːtʃɪn/ 海胆

The smell of leather on a man is a real **turn-on**: something that you find exciting, especially sexually

**rhombus**/ˈrɒmbəs/: A **parallelogram**(/ˌparəˈlɛləɡram/) with opposite equal acute angles, opposite equal obtuse angles, and four equal sides.

  * **Caret** /ˈkarət/– ^
  * **Colon** – : [kəʊlən]
  * **Semicolon** – ;
  * **Comma** – ,  [kɒmə]
  * Full Stop – .
  * **Tilde** /ˈtɪldə/– ~
  * Hyphen – –
  * Infinity – ∞
  * **Lozenge** – ◊ [lɒzɪn(d)ʒ]
  * Male Sign – ♂
  * Female Sign – ♀
  * **milli** (m 10^-3) -> **Micro** – µ (1o^-6) -> **nano** (n 10^-9)
  * **Ampersand** /ˈampəsand/– &
  * Apostrophe – ‘
  * **Asterisk** – *
  * Slash – /
  * Backslash – \
  * **Vertical Line** – |
  * **Broken Vertical Bar** – ¦
  * **Checkmark** – ✓
  * Copyright Sign – ©
  * Registered Sign – ®
  * **Curly** Brackets – { }
  * **Square** Brackets – [ ]
  * **Parenthesis** /pəˈrɛnθɪsɪs/– ( )
  * **Daggers** – † and ‡
  * Per Mille Sign – ‰

can you keep the kids **out of my hair** this afternoon?: not or no longer annoying or causing inconvenience to someone.

he went off to **freshen up** in the local baths: refresh oneself by washing or changing into clean clothes.

I **don’t know** you/her/him/(person’s name) **from Adam**: this is the first time I have met you/him/her and I don’t yet know who you/him/her are

eyelash **curler** 睫毛夹

It's **not quite** what I'm saying: not exactly/completely 不完全是

He **jumped on me** when I made a mistake: critisize sb.

If someone **plays hardball**, they will do anything that is necessary to achieve or get what they want, even if this involves being harsh or unfair

**superintendent**/super: a person who manages or superintends an organization or activity.

**seize** the day: make the best out of the every day

A lot of trainee **caved in** before finishing the hard training program of the military: **give up** the argument or cede/surrender under pressure.

**cut** in line <-> **get** in line

It is **hard to tell**: it cannot be predicted or seen clearly

  * what you been **up to** 
  * Not much. I got a job

**gagging**: characteristic of choking or retching. 作呕

hair **plugs**: 发夹

**maid of honour** : the most important **bridesmaid** at a marriage ceremony

The police started interrogating him and he just knew they were **onto** him:   suspect someone
He **best**ed the other competitors and easily won the race: beat 

small -> tiny -> **petite** (pəˈtēt) -> **wee**

they tried to **bum** money off us: get by asking or begging.

you must be **bummed** since you have only two days to stay together: of poor quality; bad or wrong.

**lax** security arrangements at the airport: not sufficiently strict, severe, or careful.

never **go out of style** 永不过时

**Pendelitis** and **arthritis** 半岛炎和关节炎

I just want to **get over** him: to **forget** sb and end the relation with sb.

**and his** cat, and his Julie -> **an-diz** cat, an-diz Julie

He **spills the beans**: he accidentally **reveal the truth**.


**Back** in high school, He had a crush on Rachel" when he was in high school

This is a **two-way street**. They helped us before and now it is the time for us to help them.

playing firecrackers is a good way to **lose some fingers**: sth is reckless and dangerous

If you're into my friend, I can **set** you **up** with her.

**out of nowhere** = **out of blue** = **all of sudden**

While I'm gone, don't you boys **sneak a taste**. 偷偷尝尝

Trump’s **pre-emptive** pardons indicate that crimes have been committed. 先发制人
  * pre-emptive: serving or intended to preempt or forestall something, especially to prevent attack by disabling the enemy.
  * 
It is a **babe magnet**. Attracting women

Let's **give you a tour**.

Ross **has a crush on** Rachel罗斯迷恋瑞秋

**discourse marker**: 话语标记 like, you know, alright, well ....
  * a word or phrase whose function is to organize discourse into segments, for example well or I mean.

**something else**: thing/sb exceptional or remarkable
  * I've been to many place in t he world, but Thailand is just **something else**.

They wear **flip-flops** on the beach 人字拖

**culture shock**

  * arrive **in** city/country
  * arrive **at** one specific location like: arrive at the convention center

a well **put together** person: looks good and dressed well

He know **a thing or two** about the internal law: means quite experienced and knowledgeable in this field

We are **barreling towards** a nation with three million lords being served by 350 million serfs

to **make** something **count**: to ensure the maximum benefit is obtained
  * like: I will **make every day count**.

It is normal to **wind up** with someone like your parents: an act of concluding or finishing something

the father does not **impugn** her capacity as a good mother: dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question.


Tell us the accommodation in the **steerage**: the part of a ship providing accommodations for passengers with the cheapest tickets.

====== Nov 2020 ======
According to our records, you appear to **be low on** office supplies.

however hard it is for you to give up to this puppy.
  * however **har di diz** for you to give up **duh** this puppy.


Can I take **a rain check** on it ?

24/7: means all the time

I'm **head home**: go home

it is **not a big deal**: not important

One of the **unappreciated** risks to asset markets in **the coming months** could be a **melt-up** in equities 未来几个月资产市场面临的**未意识到**的风险之一可能是股票的**崩溃**
  * unappreciated: not fully understood, recognized, or valued.
  * she had been brought up in a family where she felt unappreciated and undervalued

Hsieh was a brilliant and **offbeat** to many people: not coinciding with the beat.另类

you had my **back**: protect from unexpected matters

put a **tack** on the teacher's chair: a small, sharp broad-headed nail.

the **logarithm** is the **inverse** function to **exponentiation**. 
{{:mywiki:english:math1.png|}}
raise a number b to the power of y to get x
  * b: base of the logarithm
  * y: exponent
  * x: power

logarithm vs **algorithm**
| 5<nowiki>^</nowiki>1 | 5 to the **first power** | 5 |
| 5<nowiki>^</nowiki>2 | 5 to the **second power** \\ 5 **squared** | 5 * 5 |
| 5<nowiki>^</nowiki>3 | 5 to the **third power** \\ 5 **cubed** | 5 * 5 * 5 |
| 5<nowiki>^</nowiki>6 | 5 to **the power of six** | 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 |

S&P 500 Consumer **Discretionary** Sector: 标普500**非必需**消费品行业 
  * **Discretionary**: available for use **at the discretion of** the user.
  * rules are inevitably[inˈevidəblē] less flexible than a **discretionary policy** 自由裁量政策
  * inevitably: as is certain to happen; unavoidably


**what do you do**: what's your job 

make **small talk** at the beginning of the conversation

**Going Dutch**: A-A 

**graffiti**: writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed **illicitly** on a wall or other surface in a public place.

it **goes without saying** 不言而喻

firefighter

**harlots**: a prostitute.

it's **not like you** to **cry at movies**.看电影会哭，这**不像你**的风格

I should have known **better than** to call him.早知道我不应该打电话给他

The teacher **lined** the children **up** **in order of** height.

We all wondered why she had **dumped** such a nice man.抛弃

We must **look into the matter** at once 

If there is a dream, let's **run after** it.

I will **treat** you. 我请客

Please let me know the schedule **beforehand/ahead of time** 请提前告诉我日程安排

If you cannot come, you should let me know **ahead of time**.提前

**pull** yourself **together** 振作起来

**got the hang of** it ? 懂了吗？

He **may be** right or **Maybe** he is right.

**Fooling around** again: 又在混日子了

My wife's part-time job **brings in** a little extra money.

**Keep an eye** on this suitcase.留意

The speaker **banged** the table with his fist.

**Take your time** 慢慢来

Bring me the **Kleenex** :an absorbent disposable paper tissue.

**go and see for yourself** what has happened.

I live **within walking distance of** school.

Nothing will **make up for** his past mistakes.

We must **take** his youth **into account**.

Is english spoken in Candada? 英语在加拿大讲的吗？

Try to **get ahead** in your company. 努力在公司里获得成功

**keep up** the good work: 再接再厉

The lid of the box won't **lift**.

stay **hydrated**

pulse[pƏls]

cheese/ham **omlette**

  * I did get lost on my way back 
  * oh dear. I'm sure you will soon **find you bearings**.


A **bellboy** is a man or boy who works in a hotel, carrying bags or bringing things to the guests' rooms.

====== OCt 2020 =======
bridal **bootcamp** 新娘训练营

He is who he is. You either love him or hate him, and there’s not much **in between**

Jackson sat down very **gingerly**: in a careful or cautious manner.


A large **contrarian** investor recently made some big changes in its U.S.-traded investments.
  - contrarian: a person who opposes or rejects popular opinion, especially in stock exchange dealing
  - contrary: adj



get a **windfall**:横财  an apple or other fruit blown down from a tree or bush by the wind



if Coca-Cola reports earnings above expectations, expect the shares of this consumer goods company to **pop**.股价会上涨
  * pop: make a light explosive sound.


shareholders would want to know if consumption of beverages have **inflected**
  * inflected: bend or deflect (something), especially inward
  * infected: affected with a disease-causing organism.
  * reflected: 

The semiconductor industry is also at **an inflection point**. 
  * inflection : a change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve.拐点
  * **concave**: having an outline or surface that **curves inward** like the interior of a circle or sphere
  * **convex**: having an outline or surface curved like the **exterior** of a circle or sphere 

she gave a sigh of **bliss**: perfect happiness; great joy.

let's **hit the road**: 让我们上路

People mistakenly perceive the coronavirus to **grow in a linear manner**, underestimating its **actual potential for exponential growth**


the president stunned investors by **breaking off deadlocked talks ** for a new stimulus, which sent markets into a **tailspin**.
  * tailspin: become out of control.  

Scaramucci served **a brief but memorable stint ** as Trump's communications director, and has since turned into a **vocal antagonist** of the president. He’s also thrown his support behind Democratic presidential nominee former Vice President Joe Biden.
  * **antagonist**: a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary.
  * **vocal** -> voice
  * **stint**: a person's fixed or allotted period of work.
      * his varied career included a stint as a magician


a **voluble** investor: (of a person) talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.


a return to **normalcy**: 常态
====== Sept 2020 ======
made a **silly mistake**，犯了一个愚蠢的错误、犯了一个低级错误。

You make a silly mistake and then lose the game. 你犯了一个低级错误后，输棋了。

I feel ashamed of myself for making such a silly mistake. 犯了这样的低级错误，我感到羞愧。

How did I make such a silly mistake again? 我怎么又犯这样愚蠢的错误

Make a **stupid mistake** 犯了一个愚蠢的错误

foolish and **obvious** mistake 愚蠢而明显的错误

Intel has **outspent** Nvidia by **an order of magnitude**. 英特尔比Nvidia花费了一个数量级。

====== Jun 2019 ======
**pickled** vegetable: Preserved in vinegar or **brine**

**brine**: Water saturated or strongly **impregnated** with salt
  * other vegetables would be **pickled** in **brine**

A **gig economy** is a free market system in which **temporary positions** are common and organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements. The term "gig" is a slang word meaning "a job for a specified period of time" and is typically used in referring to musicians.

**septic** /ˈsɛptɪk/ infected with microorganisms, especially harmful bacteria.
  * "his feet had gone septic"

**suppurate** /ˈsʌpjʊreɪt/ undergo the formation of **pus**(脓); **fester**(溃烂).
pus: a thick yellowish or greenish opaque liquid produced in infected tissue, consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum.


**booger** /ˈbʊɡə,ˈbuːɡə/ a piece of dried **nasal mucus**.鼻屎

ear **wax** removal 耳垢

**bolt-on**: (of an extra part of a machine) able to be fastened on with a bolt or catch. 螺栓固定
  * "a bolt-on accessory available for most 35 mm SLRs"
  * bolt: 螺栓


====== May 2019 ======

**aseptic**:  free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms
  * a-, an-:  no, absence of, without, lack of; not
  * -ic: Greek: a suffix; pertaining to; of the nature of, like;
  * **sepsi**-, **sep**-, **septi**-, septico-, septo-, -sepsis, -septic, -septicemia, -septicemic: Greek: decay, rot, putrefactive

An **operating theater** (also known as an **operating room** (OR), operating suite, or **operation suite**) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an **aseptic** environment.
  * **theater** /ˈθɪətə/: a room or hall for lectures with seats in tiers.

**Intravenous** therapy (IV): a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a **vein** (intra- + ven- + -ous)
  * intra-: inside
  * veno-, **ven**-, veni-, vene-, -venous, -venously: veins, vessels
  * -ous, -ious, -eous: 

Blood pressure readings have two numbers, for example 140/90mmHg, ie, 140 over 90
  * **systolic** blood pressure: The highest pressure when your heart beats and pushes the blood round your body.
  * dia**stolic** blood pressure: the lowest pressure when your heart relaxes between beats.
     * systol-, -systole, -systolic, -stole: Greek > Latin: contraction; to draw together


a **sachet**[/ˈsaʃeɪ/] of sth: a small sealed bag or packet containing a small quantity of something

**Revolution**: an instance of **revolving**.
  * spinning at speeds of 1200 revolutions per minute


**pull string**: make use of one's influence and contacts to gain an advantage unofficially or unfairly.
  * Countries, especially poor ones, can’t function if there are larger countries pulling string

The book **authentically** and intimately describes the **small detail**s of her daily life. 本书翔实地记述了她日常生活中的**小细节**

**take a dump**: vulgar slang To defecate. take a shit
  * I wouldn't mind the neighbor's dog getting into my yard if it didn't always take a dump on my lawn!

**throwaway comment**/line/remark: something that someone says without thinking carefully and is not intended to be serious 脱口而出的妙语

**A laugh track** (or **laughter track**) is a separate soundtrack for a recorded comedy show containing the sound of audience laughter.

**prerogative** /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/ a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
  * "in some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich"

**Peripheral vision/indirect vision**: vision as it occurs outside the point of fixation
  * My peripheral vision can still see the rest of the screen, kinda, but it's out of focus

**under someone's thumb**: completely under someone's influence or control.
  * "he was very much under the thumb of his father"


**pop by**: to visit a place or person for a short period of time. 

get (sth) through (to sb): succeed in making someone understand or believe something:
  * We can't **get through to ** the government just how serious the problem is!
  * I don't seem to be able to get through to (= communicate with) him these days.

**cut the Gordian knot**: to find a quick, bold solution for a **perplexing** problem

**in (or out of) character**:  in keeping (or not in keeping) with someone's usual pattern of behaviour and motives.
  * "his outburst was entirely in character"

Some people think that cats are **jerks** and not as loyal or loving as dogs.

**snoop**: a short, light sleep, especially during the day.
  * "he settled in the grass for a snooze"

**REM sleep**: a kind of sleep that occurs at intervals during the night and is characterized by rapid eye movements, more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing.
  * REMP: rapid eye movement 

**spoiler alert**: Usu. a term to describe when crucial elements of a movie are about to be revealed (i.e. the ending, character deaths, a twist, etc.)

**vibe**: enjoy oneself by listening to or dancing to popular music.
  * "another classic CD for you to vibe with"

**hindsight** /ˈhʌɪn(d)sʌɪt/ understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened or developed.
  * "with **hindsight**, I should never have gone"

resonate /ˈrɛz(ə)neɪt/ produce or be filled with a deep, full, reverberating sound.
  * "the sound of the siren **resonated** across the harbour"

freak-out: a wildly irrational reaction or spell of behaviour.

prophecy /ˈprɒfɪsi/ a prediction of what will happen in the future.
  * "a bleak prophecy of war and ruin"

tick-tock: the sound of a large clock ticking.


====== April 2019 ======
nut about: to be very enthusiastic about an object, activity, or person:
  * nut about a girl/singer

wait out: to wait and do nothing until something happens or ends
  * We'd better wait out the storm before we start out on our trip. 

slob: a person who is lazy and has low standards of cleanliness.
  * "he's a slob and expects others to clean up after him"

layover: a short stay at a place in the middle of a trip
  * We had a three-hour **layover** in San Francisco and had to change planes on the way to Hawaii

once you start down this road, there is **no turning back**

**scarf down**: to eat (something) quickly 
  * He scarfed down his lunch and went right back outside.

time is **a great healer**.

on the side: secretly, especially with regard to an illicit sexual relationship.
  * "Brian had a mistress on the side"

sleep off: to get rid of an unpleasant or uncomfortable feeling by sleeping, especially after eating or drinking too much
  * The day after the wedding, I’ll still be **sleeping off** the champagne.

**taffy** is an acronym that means something is really cool or awesome
  * "she told me that my music was perfectly wonderful, and **taffy** like that"
 
champagne /ʃamˈpeɪn/ a white sparkling wine from Champagne.

**Sparkling wine** is a wine with significant levels of **carbon dioxide** in it, making it **fizzy**. ... In EU countries, the word "champagne" is reserved by law only for sparkling wine from the Champagne region of France.

big fat (not comparable) (idiomatic, derogatory) Complete, utter, total. 
  * He's a big fat idiot. 
  * It's a big fat honor.

Every **saint** has a past, and every **sinner** has a future: Note, past here means a bad past

**slanderous** /ˈslɑːnd(ə)rəs/ (of a spoken statement) false and malicious.

etiquette /ˈɛtɪkɛt,ɛtɪˈkɛt/: the customary code of polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession or group.
  * the rules of etiquette are changing

down and out: (of a person) without money, a job, or a place to live; destitute.
  * "a novel about being down and out in London"

earful: a prolonged and angry reprimand.
  * "executives got an earful about poor rail connections"

**dead wrong**: If someone is dead wrong, they are absolutely in error, absolutely incorrect or of incorrect opinion.

Celsius /ˈsɛlsɪəs/:  F = (C x 2) + 30
  * Fahrenheit /ˈfar(ə)nhʌɪt/

whole meat/brown meat: 全麦

processed cheese


===== McDonalds =====

McDonalds: 
  * British English [məkˈdɒnəldz]
  * US English 1 [mack-DON-uhldz] 
  * US English 2 [mik-DAHN-uhldz] 
  * Singapore [mac-donna]

take out/to go <-> Dine in/for here

make out a meal = make out a combo  
  * cf: burger

Do you want to supersize/upsize it ? 大一号

can I have **a** number 2 meal ? 一个第二号套餐

catch-all: general and intended to include everything:
  * "South London" is a catch-all phrase/term for anywhere south of the river.
heinous:(of a person or wrongful act, especially a crime) utterly odious or wicked.
  * "a battery of heinous crimes" 
  * 
homecoming: a reunion of former students of a university, college, or high school.

divine: of or like God or a god.
  * One night divine inspiration struck

round out: to bring to completion or fullness : finish out
  * the republic had rounded out a century of independence


A **camisole** is a sleeveless undergarment for women, normally extending to the waist. 

**me time**: one's own personal time to be alone
  * "Can you do this for me?" 
  * "Naw, I need some **me time** right now."

strobe light: A lamp that produces very short, intense flashes of light in rapid succession

**man-whore** and man whore: (slang) A man who has sex with clients for money; a male prostitute

westlifecc.com

Macdon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKKt-EyVyk4

Jeez: a mild expression used to show surprise or annoyance.
"**Jeez**! It's not fair!"

doozy: something outstanding or unique of its kind.

A nerd is a person seen as overly intellectual, obsessive, introverted or lacking social skills

I know it sucks: means that someone or something (a situation) is bad or a negative

a feather in cap: An accomplishment or achievement that one takes pride in

the meat of the matter: The most important, basic, or fundamental essence or element(s) of an issue, problem, or matter at hand

vanilla : boring 


===== eating =====

  * starter: 前菜
  * **entree**/main course: 主菜 

  * How would you like your steak done ?
  * blue近生
  * Rare一分
  * medium rare三分
  * medium五分
  * medium well七分
  * well done完全熟

How would you like your eggs ?
  * sunny sideup 单面煎 The egg is fried with the yolk up and is not flipped
  * Over easy: The egg is flipped and the yolk is still runny. 
  * Over medium: The egg is flipped and the yolk is only slightly runny. 
  * Over well: The egg is flipped and the yolk is cooked hard.

  * scrambled eggs炒蛋
  * hard boiled
  * omelettes炒蛋+培根/cheese+...
 
I have a **reservation** in the name of Iris.

  * what would you like for your side ?配菜 
  * mashed potatoes/sweet potatoes/poutine 肉汁奶酪薯条/french fries/baked bean烘豆子/onion ring洋葱圈

  * Does this contain meat/nuts/dairy ?
  * I cannot eat nuts.

  * gluten free: 无谷蛋白食品（不含面筋）

May I get it to go please ? 打包

  * Could me have the bill, please ?
  * May I have the check please ?
  * Could you check us out please?
  * check, please ?

service charge/tip: 



Would you like a **booth** (雅座) or table ?

A high top: 高脚桌

===== starbuck =====
**https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzj0QtLH1AQ**

Barista: a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks

Cup size: 
  * short tall 特小号
  * tall  小
  * grande/medium 中
  * venti/large 大
  * trenta 特大号

  * decaf -- 无咖啡因decaffeinated
  * one/two/... shots
  * Black coffee: coffee + water
  * espresso: a finely ground very **dark** roast coffee, packed somewhat tightly in a special metal filter, with water "expressed" through it under pressure in tiny cups
  * Cappuccino: A 1:1:1 ratio of espresso, steamed milk, and **milk foam**. Typically the milk is steamed through a special high pressure steam pipe on the espresso machine
  * Macchiato: Typically in North America, this is a cappuccino, but without the steamed milk component. That is, it is espresso and frothed milk foam only. Also called a "Dry" Cappuccino. Macchiato has different meanings elsewhere.
  * latte: espresso with hot steamed milk, milkier than a cappuccino.A "**wet**" cappuccino. Hold back the foam with a spoon, and pour the warm milk over the espresso. Put a little bit of foam on top for decoration only
  * Mocha：Any one of the above espresso + milk drinks with chocolate added
  * Americano: espresso + 水
  * 

**light ice** = **easy on ice**

a **ice** latte with **no ice**

  * macchiato
  * americano
  * frappuccino

sugar **free** vailla creamer

fat **free** creamer

syrup

vanilla syrup

a grande hot coffee with creamer and vanilla syrup

  * coffee
  * cafe
  * cafeteria自助餐厅
  * caffeine

dark/medium/light roasted coffee
  * roast: cooked by prolonged exposure to heat in an oven or over a fire.
  * dark roasted coffee: 烘烤时间长，咖啡因就少

condiment stand/bar: 
  * cap
  * stir sticks
  * milk mug
  * straw
  * napkin

=====Airport=====

fly to New York and have **a connecting flight to** San Francisco

fly to Frankfurt and have a connecting flight to Berlin = 
fly to berlin but I have a stopover in Frankfurt

Do I need to **claim/collect my bag** in Frankfurt or **my final destination**, Berlin ?

window/**aisle**/middle seat

  * checked baggage: a baggage is checked in
  * carry-on baggage

**sharp** and pointed objects, like razor blades and knives are not allowed in the carry-on baggage

put the baggage on the **scale** with **handles up**

**exceed** the weight/size/... limit and requied to pay for an excess charge of xxx$.

Please **empty** your pockets, take off your jacket, belt, accessories,... and put them in the **trays/basket**.

The **ground crew** is in the process of **deicing** the wings in preparation for the departure.

the flight has been delayed/cancelled due to bad weather conditions

You can **report to your carrier** to change your tickets or we can **put you on standby** for the next available seat on a flight to your destination...

ask **a member of airline staff** for your lunch ticket

the door of plan will **close** in 5 minutes

  * What’s your purpose of your visit?
  * I’m here on vacation. /to visit a friend. / to visit my family / for business travel.

行李转盘 Carousel/belt

====== Jan 2019 ======
I've tried to** pass off** my accent as a convent school accent.  我努力将口音装成女修会学校的口音。
  * pass off: be accepted as something or somebody in a false character or identity;

Have you ever felt like a fraud? If so, I want you to **shout it out**
  * Shout out: an expression of greeting or praise that is given to someone in the presence of many people

US soccer showed today **a real deal**, world class defense! Great!  
美国队今天的确露了一手, 世界级的防守! 棒极了!

feel **out of place** or like we don't **belong** and we've been conditioned to **self-deprecate**
and downplay our abilities

I'm feeling like I kind of **suck** right now. 

**underrepresented** groups

If someone says that something **sucks**, they are indicating that they think it is very bad.
  * The system sucks 

My **bladder is bursting **. Mean need to go to toilet to pee

**Take a leak**: pee

**Take a dump/download**: poo

You don't still do that move where you **jump up** and do a **split** and then **jump back up**, do you? 

**mind-blowing**: overwhelmingly **impressive**. Ex: "for a kid, Chicago was really mind-blowing"

**Wingman** is a role that a person may take when a friend needs support with approaching potential romantic partners. A wingman is someone who is on the "inside" and is used to help someone with intimate relationships.

Is there a **career path** that you are **envisioning**?

The term **off the market** is used when a certain product is **no longer for sale, offered, or available** any more.
  * she has married and is officially **off the market**.

You're right, she's a **hoe**, and i understand why you classified her as your **ex-crush**. Let us not speak about this moment ever again.

**a hoe and a slut**. this brings out the best of both worlds. commonly used to describe bitchy backstabbing whores that sleep around with anything that has a penis and two legs.

screw: cheat or swindle (someone), especially by charging them too much for something.

  * Girl1: Did you hear what Maggie did at the party Friday? 
  * Girl2: She **screwed** 4 guys, one of them was her best friend's boyfriend. 
  * Girl1: What a **hoe slut**.

**backstabbing**: (of a person) engaging in back-stabbing; critical of other people despite pretending friendship with them.
 
Depression isn't personal and it's not going to go away with **a pep talk**
  * pep talk: a talk intended to make someone feel more courageous or enthusiastic.

Zen: a total state of focus that incorporates a total togetherness of body and mind. Zen is a way of being. It also is a state of mind

**talk one's way out of** (something) : to avoid (something unpleasant or undesirable) by saying things to make other people forgive or excuse one. For example:  Everyone knows that women can cry their way out of a ticket, but what is a man to do?

If you **lust after** someone or **lust for** them, you feel a very strong sexual desire for them. From what I hear, half the campus is lusting after her.

**Fall (flat) on (one's)/its face**: Literally, to fall and land on one's face.

I **slipped** on the **banana peel**, ** fell flat on my face**, and nearly broke my nose.

Poor Heather **fell on her face** during recess today, but she only has a few **scrapes** on her forehead.

| **chapped** | pain due to dry skin/lips: (of the skin) cracked, rough, or sore, typically from exposure to wind or cold weather. |
| **griping** | sudden, sharp pain/cramping in your stomach or bowels |
| stabbing | sharp sudden pain |

  * 'Hindi' is one of the many languages we speak, 
  * 'Hindu' is the term used to refer to someone who is a follower of 'Hinduism' (Yes, 'Hinduism' is the religion, not 'Hindu'.) You can remember this as follows: Hindu ends in U, which is the short for 'you', so 'Hindu' is reference to a person.

let out a huge **fart**

fart: emit wind from the anus

anus: /ˈeɪnəs/ the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body

Apparently, when a gentleman has **forgotten to zip his pants**, in the US they remind him "**Your fly is open**". In UK it is "Your Flies Are Undone!". Other US terms are "**XYZ**" (eXamine Your Zipper), "Your **barn door**'s open," "**zipper**," etc.

throw shade: publicly criticize or express contempt for someone.
  - "if she was really so above it all, she wouldn't have to throw shade
Wizard (mail) <-> witch (female)

egg white

I think my weakness is that I am way **too detail oriented**. I try to accomplish everything and I just want everything to be perfect, but then I realize that I'm **losing out on time**, so maybe that makes me submitting these projects pretty late.

with being a loner, a person with marginal social skills. 他們是不善於社交活動的
  * marginal:minor and not important; not central.

The heartbreak of home sickness,痛苦的思鄉之情

Thirst is an **aversive** signal, that motivates us to search for drinkable water prior to **falling victim to** dehydration.

Opposites attract, and likes repel

====== Dec 2018 ======
This guy does nothing and **takes all the credit** for it

**Things are getting hairy**: a situation gets really awkward and uncomfortable.
**go off the rails**: begin behaving in an uncontrolled or unacceptable way.

be **out of (one's) hair**. To no longer be pestering or annoying to one; to not be one's responsibility or burden any longer. The kids are out of my hair for a few hours so I can go and get a relaxing massage by myself. Once these auditors from the IRS are out of our hair, we can get back to business as usual.

**in one sitting**: In a single session; finishing a task in the same period when one sets out to do so. The bookworm devoured her book in one sitting.

We did a **mock** interrogation experiment in our lab here at FIU

====== Oct 2018 ======
you may be right, but it's highly **dependent on the circumstances**. 

Cry about it: A phrase said to a person when they are bitching about an issue that they either can not or will not do anything about. It is often used in place of the phrases "what are you going to do about it?" or "I don't care."

  * Dude #1: Bro, you ate all of my Dunkaroos. I was saving those for my Bat Mitzvah.
  * Dude #2: Hey, Fucking cry about it!!

**dogmatize** /ˈdɒɡmətʌɪz/ represent as an undeniable truth.
  * "I find views dogmatized to the point of absurdity"

**keep (someone) under (one's) thumb**: To maintain authoritarian control over someone; to continually force someone to submit to one's will. 
  * Although the job was well paying, I couldn't stand the way the boss **kept me under his thumb**.

Pretending or acting is a very valuable life skill and we all do it, all the time. We don't want to **be caught 
doing it**

**Ingeniously** designed and **meticulously** manufactured, this armor was made to **withstand** arrows. 
  *Ingeniously : in a way that is very intelligent and skilful, or skilfully made or planned and involving new ideas and methods:

**tuck sth away**: to put something in a private, safe place 隱藏；收藏
  * Grandma always kept a little of money **tucked away** in case of an emergency. 奶奶總是藏點錢以備急用。

Behind this **unassuming** door lies an Egyptologist's paradise
  * Egyptologist: An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities

**pamper**/ˈpæm.pər/ : to give someone special treatment, making that person as comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want 細心照顧，精心護理；縱容，嬌慣
  * She pampers her dog with the finest steak and salmon.她讓她的狗吃上好的牛排和鮭魚，太嬌慣了。

**make out**: engage in sexual activity.
  * "teenagers were making out on the couch"

we all **chipped in** and bought flowers for the secretaries

**hindsight**: the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened 後見之明，事後孔明
  * With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job. 現在想想，我真應該接受那份工作。
  * In hindsight, it would have been better to wait. 事後看來，等一等會更好。

**sticker price**: the advertised retail price of an article.

feeling of being a team and being a **cog** in a bigger machine, it's so amazing to know well all right

**ballsy** /ˈbɔːlzi/ determined and courageous.
  * "she was a cool, ballsy woman"

If you could take a **workcation** or **sabbatical**, where would you go and what would you do?
  * **workcation**: A vacation that one spends getting work done.
  * **sabbatical** /səˈbatɪk(ə)l/ a period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally one year for every seven years worked.

Do you prefer **action-packed** vacations or relaxing on the beach?
  * **action-packed**: full of activity or excitement.

Whether we’re a **die-hard introvert** or an **extravagant extrovert**, there will always be those strange and awkward moments in a conversation where we struggle to know what to say.
  * die-hard: strongly or fanatically determined or devoted; especially : strongly resisting change. 

Sometimes conversations can **wane** if you can’t really **relate to** the topic they’re talking about. A good technique in this case, is to **rephrase** what the other person has said
  * **relate to**: to understand a situation or someone's feelings because you have experienced a similar situation or similar feelings:
  *   * The culture that he describes is so different from mine that I sometimes find it hard to relate to.

Sharing things about yourself can seem **unnatural** to some – especially **introverts**. 

The idea is to be confident in **bringing up any topic**. 

**turn someone off**: infml phrasal to cause someone to lose interest:
  * Her offensive remarks really **turned me off**.
  * **Know-it-alls** do have a tendency to** dominate conversations** which we all know can **turn people off**.
  * Note: know-it-alls means someone have a breadth of knowledge

I think it's a **pandemic**/pænˈdem.ɪk/. It's through every industry. 

"**power dynamic**" is the way different people or different groups of people interact with each other and where one of these sides is more powerful than the other one.
  * how important it is to theorize the diverse and changing power dynamics between the different genders, races, classes, and ages of household members.

**think on one's feet**: phrase of foot react to events decisively, effectively, and without prior thought.
  * goodness you were able to think on your feet and find another way to stop the pipe from leaking. The whole basement would have flooded otherwise.

"**Stand up guy**" is an American phrase meaning a loyal and reliable friend.

scare the shit out of someone: to frighten someone badly, suddenly or both.

**teary cry smile**: it's my teary cry smile moment

**CliffsNotes** are a series of student study guides available firstly in the United States. The guides present and create literary and other works in pamphlet form or online. Detractors of the study guides claim they let students bypass reading the assigned literature

**Captain goes down with the ship**: the naval tradition that a captain should not flee a sinking ship but should instead stay and drown. 

**cog**: a wheel or bar with a series of projections on its edge, which transfers motion by engaging with projections on another wheel or bar.
  * Mr Lake was an important **cog** in the Republican campaign machine.  莱克先生是共和党竞选机器中一枚重要的螺丝钉。
  * 2. The wheel engages with the cog and turns it.   轮子咬住轮齿并带动它转动。
  * 3. The front cog has 44 teeth.   前齿轮有44个齿。

**get behind**:
  * 1. if you **get behind with work or payments**, you have not done as much work or made as many payments as you should have. For example: She’d been ill so often that, she was **getting behind** with her schoolwork
  * 2. [**get behind someone/something**] to support an idea, project etc, or help someone in what they are trying to do. For example: She claims the publishers never really got behind her new book.

**the wheel come off**: used for saying that things start to fail or go wrong, especially after a period of success
  * They were leading 3–1 at half-time, but then **the wheels came off** and they **ended up** losing the game.

An **inside joke** is a joke formed between two or more people that no one other than those few people will ever understand until you explain it to them 

**go nuts**:  To go crazy. I'll end up going nuts if I have to work in this cubicle for one more day!

**protagonist**: The leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text

How has she ever gotten **in your way**? 

**out of line**: behaving in a way that breaks the rules or is considered **inappropriate** [ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət].
  * he had never stepped **out of line** with her before
  * You're out of line

**make yourself at home**: used to tell someone who is visiting you that they should relax.
  * Sit down and make yourself at home.

We had a race and I **came in first**! 

**be good**: A set phrase urging one to behave. 听话; [戏谑语]规矩点;
  * Kids, please **be good** for your grandparents this weekend.

I'm the main **breadwinner** [ˈbrɛdˌwɪnɚ]  in my family

**fuck up**: rude slang To ruin or damage something; to **mess up** something. In this usage, a noun of pronoun can be used between "fuck" and "up." 
  * The threat of a hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] really **fucked up our vacation plans**! Boy, you really fucked this engine up

If you're not saying it now then you're **complicit**[kəmˈplɪsɪt] in this evil that's occurring isn't fair also.

This is a deeply, and I know this is a very **millennial** [mɪ'lenɪəl]  word, but it's **a very triggering time**. 

People don't want to be **in bondage** anymore. 
  * Bondage: The state of being a slave

I'm really interested in your **point of view on** this in terms of coming into the industry.

**Casting couch** is so deeply **ingrained**, unfortunately, **socially**.

**leverage**: The exertion of force by means of a lever or an object used in the manner of a lever

  * His function as a Mayor affords him the **leverage** to get things done through attending committee meetings 
  * - do you think the culture of **the leverage of power** and culture of abuse will change? 
  * - I hope eventually. 
  *  The **spade** and fork have longer **shafts**, providing better **leverage**
  * Contrary to the impression created by these companies, we had no **leverage**. 根本没有任何优势

**sweep (something) under the carpet**: To ignore, deny, or conceal from **public view** or knowledge something that is embarrassing, unappealing, or damaging to one's reputation. 
  * The senator has been accused of trying to sweep his former drug use under the carpet. 
  * You need to **stop sweeping your problems under the carpet**. Nothing will get resolved like that!

  * **Resolve** is used to mean the **end of a conflict**--"The differences between the two parties were resolved." 
  * **Solve** is used to mean the **solution** to a logical problem--"He solved the math **puzzle**.

every story that's **come out** has so much **gravity** to it, has so much **weight** to it.

He doesn't think you realize the **gravity** of the situation.

Have any of the stories that have come out been especially **resonant**[ˈrezənənt]  to you as an actress?

it's **high time**: used to say it is time to do something that should have been done a long time ago 
  * It's high time we made some changes around here

**Casting couch** was an open secret in Hollywood, it was almost a joke.
  * Casting couch:“角色分配躺椅”/潜规则

**in a different light**：in a different way.

I would hope that this is only **the tipping point** for every industry for us to discuss equal pay 
  * **tipping point**:The point at which a series of small ineffective changes acquires enough pressure or importance to cause a larger, more significant change临界点

**shape-shifter**. : one that seems able to change form or identity at will especially : a mythical figure that can assume different forms (as of animals)变形术

"**to be drawn to a person**" means "to be attracted to a person". This does not necessarily mean sexually or romantically, but it is often used that way.

**creep**：INFORMAL a detestable person. "I thought he was **a nasty /ˈnɑːsti/ little creep**"
  - synonyms:	rogue, villain/ˈvɪlən/, wretch, reprobate/ˈrɛprəbeɪt/; 
  - reprobate/ˈrɛprəbeɪt/: an unprincipled person. eg: "he had to present himself as more of a lovable reprobate than a spirit of corruption"

**80/20 the Pareto principle** /paˈreɪtəʊ/: About 20% of beer drinkers drink 80% of the beer in the world. About 20% of a company’s customers **account for** 80% of the complaints. 

The **prefrontal cortex** (PFC) [ˈpri:ˈfrʌntl ˈkɔː(r)teks] is the **cerebral cortex** covering the front part of the frontal **lobe**

**repetitive** /rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/: containing or characterized by **repetition**, especially when unnecessary or tiresome. For example: "a repetitive task"

**cheapskate**/ˈtʃiːpskeɪt/: noun INFORMAL: a miserly person. Example: "she told him he was a cheapskate"

**biopsy**/ˈbʌɪɒpsi/: an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease. "a bone marrow biopsy"

**de-escalate**: /diːˈɛskəleɪt/: reduce the intensity of (a conflict or potentially violent situation).
Example of: "they had training in how to de-escalate a situation"

**Tact** is the art of making a point without making an enemy

you have to really be **receptive** and be **open to** listening. 

**pee sb off**: to annoy someone.  
  * He never helps with the housework and it's starting to **piss me off**.

**clear the air**: **defuse** an angry or tense situation by frank discussion
  * You wanna clear the air fast and forgive completely.

**poke fun at** (someone or something): To taunt, mock, or **make fun of someone**. 
  * The humorist has long been poking fun at figures high in the social and political spheres, **drawing the ire**/ˈʌɪə/ from many of them. 
  * I was just poking fun at him—I didn't think he'd **take it so personally**!

**passive-aggressive:**  of or denoting a type of behaviour or personality characterized by **indirect resistance** to the demands of others and an avoidance of **direct confrontation**.

性格内向：**introvert**, shy

性格外向：**extrovert**, outspoken

**ambivert**: a person who has a balance of extrovert and introvert features in their personality.

The idea of two **polar** personalities was first described by Swiss-German psychologist Carl Jung, who **coined** the terms **introversion** and **extroversion** by their **baseline arousal** 

**Stalk**:  to follow an animal or person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them.  The police had been stalking the woman for a week before they arrested her.

**hunch**: raise
  * Eliot hunched his shoulders against a gust of snow

Bad communication **has it's roots in** the feeling that "we can't be both truthful and tolerated and loved"

**nag**: harass/ˈharəs/ (someone) constantly to do something that they are **averse to**
  * "she constantly **nags** her daughter about getting married"

We should **go through mental exercises** to **practice an inner resilience** around communication.

endure  /ɪnˈdjʊə,ɛnˈdjʊə,**ɪnˈdʒɔː**,ɛnˈdʒɔː/Submit
verb

**cleanse** klɛnz/: Cleanse usually refers to making the body or part of the body clean. cleansing the skin

Perhaps they were too **preoccupied** and busy; our concerns were nothing **next to** the challenges they had 

we had to be so careful with what we said or a terrified explosion could be **unleashed** at any point. 

unleash: cause (a strong or violent force) to be released or become **unrestrained**.

**walk on eggshells**: phrase of walk be extremely cautious about one's words or actions.

we had an angry parent, around whom we had to **walk on eggshells**, 

how badly we need a **cuddle**, but don't want to look weak by asking, 

**Cuddle**: hold close in one's arms as a way of showing love or affection.

The explosion often being the result of a past burial of the problem that then **gives way to** eruption of resentment. 

avoidant /əˈvoɪdənt/: relating to or denoting a type of personality or behavior **characterized by** the avoidance of intimacy or social interaction.
"he was also anxious, avoidant, and unable to manage conflict"

**get something off one's chest****Bold Text**: to unburden oneself; to confess something; to criticize or make a personal complaint to someone. You will feel better if you get it off your chest.

**Get up to**: be involved in (typically something illicit or surprising).

"what did you **get up to** last weekend?"

They(AI) were either **on par (pɑː)** or above the performance classification accuracy of human **dermatologists**

dermatologist/ˌdəːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/: a doctor who specializes in the treatment of diseases of the skin

it helps us understand how to **regulate velocity** /vɪˈlɒsɪti/

we put all this data into the computer brain, and after a few hours of processing, 
it **comes up with** behavior that often **surpasses** human **agility**. 

**comes up with**: produce (something), especially when pressured or challenged

**Lame excuse**:  an excuse of poor quality or lack of thought or an inappropriate excuse 

Everybody can get good **grades** no matter who you are. You need to take school seriously because it may affect your whole future.

Grade: A particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, intensity, or value

**The inflection point**: An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature /
ˈkəːvətʃə/ (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local maxima or local minima. For example, for the curve y=x^3 plotted above, the point x=0 is an inflection point.

the modulation of intonation or pitch in the voice.

computer **cord**: Long thin flexible string or rope made from several twisted strands**Bold Text**

I would say it's been tough on me trying to **juggle** both studies and gaming at the same time

Tom is powerful and can **take down** 5 opponents.

Take down: INFORMAL to hit or shoot someone so that they fall down

when you're part of this **tight-knit** group of people. It's like having a second family. 

It is a **5 on 5 game** where you kind of have to work together and utilize each other's strengths and **synergize** everything together. 

Leaders really do **cast long shadows**. 

cast a long shadow: is sometimes to have a lasting, **pervasive** influence on it.

Because your reputation is everything. And you've got to guard it scrupulously. 

scrupulously: with extreme conscientiousness; 


**out of the blue**: without warning; unexpectedly. Note: The "blue" in the phrase refers to the sky, one from which a sudden thunderstorm is unexpected

You can hear the birds **chirping**. 

**dredge**: Clean out the bed of (a harbor, river, or other area of water) by scooping out mud, weeds, and rubbish with a emdredge/em

Sewage **drain****Bold Text** canal

drain: a channel or pipe carrying off surplus liquid, especially rainwater or liquid waste.

gravel **pathway**

**barbed** wire

A **down jacket** is a jacket which has been **insulated with** the soft and warm **under feathers** from duck or geese. Down is a fantastic insulator as the loft (or fluffiness) of down creates thousands of tiny air pockets which trap warm air and retain heat, thus keeping the wearer very warm.
  - The feathers on geese or ducks are the outer covering of the bird. They have quills, repel water, and make it possible for the animal to fly. 
  - Down lies beneath this protective covering – usually on the belly of a bird - and is light and fluffy.  


So that's kind of like my own little **chill** office space.  
chill: A moderate but unpleasant coldness


There's a little breakfast **nook** kind of a table here

A **sconce light** is a type of light **fixture** **affixed** to a wall in such a way that it uses only the wall for support, and the light is usually directed upwards, but not always. It does not have a base on the ground. For this reason, lighting fixtures will need an electrical box to be installed.

A **recessed light** or downlight is a light **fixture** that is installed into **a hollow opening** in a ceiling. When installed it appears to have light shining from a hole


the altars here is for to **pray for fortune****Bold Text**, wealth, health, and all
those other good things. 

then just **off from the main road**, is this little **alley** here

Email should be **brief**, **crisp** and **to the point**

Don't **assume** people have understood you. 

Make an **assumption** that ...

Don't let your personal judge **cloud** the conversation

Don't **react to the heat of the moment**. Do't react **impulsively**. Need to learn "**the art of restrain**" hold back  think about what you are saying.

**stumble acros**s (something): To find, discover, or encounter something casually or by chance

  * I **stumbled across** this fantastic little café the other day. 
  * Let me know if you **stumble across** my keys. I haven't been able to find them.

A **late bloomer** is a person whose talents or capabilities are not visible to others until later than usual. The term is used **metaphorically** to describe a child or **adolescent** who develops slower than others **in their age group**, but eventually **catches up** and in some cases overtakes their peers, or an adult whose talent or genius in a particular field only appears later in life than is normal – in some cases only in old age.

**jaywalked**: To walk across a street **in violation of traffic law**, especially by crossing outside of a **marked pedestrian crosswalk** at an **intersection**.

It's very important to make a **periodic** self assessment. 

**get to the top**: Fig. to work up to the highest status in something. 
  * She **got to the top of her field** in a very short time. 
  * It takes hard work to get to the top.

**go to seed**: To look **shabby**, unhealthy, or unattractive due to a lack of care or attention. 
  * Wow, Tim's really started **going to seed** ever since he had kids. 
  * The house **has gone to seed** with those college kids living there.

Leadership is about **earning followers**. 

**Cold calling** is the **solicitation** of business from potential customers who have had **no prior contact** with the salesperson conducting the call. Cold calling is an attempt to convince potential customers to purchase either the salesperson's product or service.

**solicitation**: the act of asking for or trying to obtain something from someone. Example: he was a regular target for solicitation of funds

Fear can cause you to **withdraw** and just not **deal with** a situation. But it can also give you the courage to act, to risk.

Stay around the University, it gives you great **perspective on the future**
perspective: a point of view. Example: most guidebook history is written **from the editor's perspective**

People want to follow a **genuine** leader, they don't want to follow a **self-proclaimed**, **self-important** one. 

There's always **a fine line** between **confidence and arrogance**.  Don't let yourself **cross that line**. 

I’m green at **parallel parking** Can you help me?
我是**路邊停車**新手，你可以幫幫我嗎? 平行指的是車子與人行道邊角 (curb) 相互平行

Your average American girl wants to be **tanned**, while your average Asian girl hates to be tanned

**Brainwashing** is the theory that a person’s core beliefs, ideas, affiliations and values can be replaced, so much so that they have no **autonomy over** themselves and cannot think critically or independently.
  * I feel **brain-washed**

**patriarchal**(/peɪtrɪˈɑːk(ə)l/) : ruled or controlled by men
  * a **patriarchal** society

**matriarchal**: /meɪtrɪˈɑːk(ə)l/

**beside the point**: not important
  * The exact cost is **beside the point** – what’s important is that we get the job done.

**White privilege**: A thing that has to be checked repeatedly when interacting with someone of another race, gender, kin, etc.

**Black Privilege**: The ability for Blacks to openly spew racist violent hatred towards whites without social or legal repercussion.

**spew**: expel large quantities of (something) rapidly and forcibly.
  * buses were **spewing out** black clouds of exhaust

**overwrought**: in a state of nervous excitement or anxiety.

she was too **overwrought** (/əʊvəˈrɔːt/) to listen to reason

infatuation: /ɪnˌfatʃʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n,ɪnˌfatjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/: an intense but **short-lived passion** or admiration for someone or something. For example: 
"he had **developed an infatuation with** the girl"

**Crush** INFORMAL: a brief but intense **infatuation** for someone, especially someone unattainable.
  * She has a **crush on** one of her teachers at school. 她迷戀上了學校裡的一位老師。
  * "she did have a crush on Dr Russell" 
  * A**man crush** is something that **a straight male** has for someone who is usually a public figure, a recognizable name, a celebrity. 
  * **Straight male** means a male who is attracted only to females.
  * I'm sorry that I said that I had **a girl crush** on Gina Rodriguez which is the female **equivalent of** 'no homo'. 

If only **walls can talk**: We wish we knew every detail.

**Fall quiet**: sudden become quiet

**bang on**: (chiefly British) exactly right.

"the program is **bang on** about the fashion world"

Mary's absence **cast a damper over** the party.
玛丽缺席使晚会为之扫兴。

**damper**: a person or thing that has a **subduing** or **inhibiting** effect.

my granddad would decree **a day off work** for the entire community

When you assume there's something **inherently /ɪnˈhɪərəntli,ɪnˈhɛrəntli/ broken** in yourself.
當你認為你自己天生就有缺陷

We have a **thankless job** in a corporate-run world,
在一個企業經營的世界裡，我們有一份吃力不討好的工作

That means we are only **accountable to ourselves**.
這表示我們必須對我們自己負責

Someone who is **accountable** is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it

She is accountable only to the managing director.

I really need you to **take** your job **as** form-maker seriously.
我真的需要你認真做好製作表單的工作

I'm so sorry. 
That was such a **shitty** greeting on my part. 
Do you mind if we just, uh,  **rewind** and **start over**? 倒帶然後重新開始嗎

**shitty**: (of a person or action) contemptible; worthless.

I can **get caught up in** trying to be better我常被困在想努力變得更好

**catch someone up**: become involved in (something that one had not intended to become involved in).
"he had no desire to be **caught up in** political activities"

You need to **take a step back**: 妳必須退一步

**First and foremost**: 最重要的一點

I want you to **fail forward** 我要你在失敗中前進

**Emergency descent**/dɪˈsɛnt/: 緊急迫降

you gotta **live in the forward**你得活著向前看; I want you live in the forwd

**block** the whole world **out**把世界拋諸腦後

Everybody has the **obstacle** to overcome. They had the **barrier** that they had to climb
每個人都有要克服的障礙，要跨越的難關

if you quit! **no day will ever be your day**如果你放棄，就不會有成功的一天

if you want a guy to **lock lips with** you, you can send a series of **subtle**/ˈsʌt(ə)l/, **nonverbal** 
**cues** that will get the job done. 發出一連串曖昧不明的肢體訊號

While both "**clue**" and "**cue**" have related meanings, their dictionary definition is not the same: Clue: A fact or idea that serves to reveal something or solve a problem (e.g. a crime or a puzzle). Cue: A signal for action (like an actor entering the stage). For example: With a nod of his head, the drummer cued the lead singer in.


====== Coffee ======
[[Starbuck English]]

他很厉害： he is awesome

他学中文很厉害: I think the way he learns chinese is **awesome**

我的车坏的很厉害： my car broke down very badly

痛的厉害:　We knew the baby was coming right away because the woman's labour pains were **acute**: quick to become severe/bad


Do good deeds

sprained his ankle

Can you give me a **break down on** the pricing? 

Mr. Boland didn’t want to **crush** his dreams. 

I will give you **a brief tour of** our company and introduce you to your new coworkers .

You couldn't have inherited the disease because it is not **genetic**:  Of or relating to genetics or genes

The doctor wrote me a **prescription** for a new type of pain reliever.

The children's **ward** is located on the fourth floor of the hospital:  A room in a hospital 

**allergic** to peanuts

I can't remember the accident because I had **amnesia**: a condition that causes people to lose their memory

We had to **amputate** his leg because the infection spread so quickly: permanent removal of a limb

I have low energy because I am **anaemic**:患贫血症的 occurs when the body doesn't have enough red blood cells

My grandmother can't knit anymore because the **arthritis** in her hands is so bad：关节炎， a disease that causes the joints to become swollen and crippled

If you don't get up and take a walk, you will develop painful **bedsores**.

We're hoping that the tests will show that the **lump** in your breast is **benign**.

The **biopsy** **ruled out** a number of illnesses：活组织检查removal of human tissue in order to conduct certain medical tests


I hear your voice **on the line** but it does not stop the pain:  speaking on the telephone 

I asked to speak to Tyler, but Tyler's mom came **on the line** instead.

The **traffic** is very **heavy** at this hour.

**save the day**: to produce a good result when a bad result was expected. The team was expected to lose, but Sally made three points and saved the day. Your excellent speech calmed the crowd and saved the day.

one **scoop** of coffee and one scoop of chocolate

**carry-on** luggage/**cabinet** luggage <-> **checked** baggage

He had memorized the many **minutiae** of the legal code: The small, precise, or **trivial details** of something

The crack in the wall was readily **apparent**: Readily seen; visible:

He was the **apparent** winner of the election.

Just because you're **in the spotlight**, doesn't mean that you're not **entitled to your own personal privacy
**

**walk unshaded against the rays**: as opposed to with the sun at their backs

**pry**: Inquire too closely into a person’s private affairs. example: I’m sick of you **prying into** my personal life

**snoop**: investigate or look around **furtively** in an attempt to find out something, especially information about someone’s private affairs: your sister might find the ring if she goes **snooping around**

**Spy**: Work for a government or other organization by **secretly** collecting information about **enemies** or **competitors**

**take credit for something**: to allow people to believe that one has done something praiseworthy, whether or not one has actually done it. 

If someone else **takes credit for** your work, there are two steps you must take: seek clarification and request it be fixed.

You can't just ask customers what they want and then try to give that to them. By the time you get it built, they'll want something new.

====== Teeth Related ======


1. How can I stop my roommate from **grinding his teeth**? It really drives me crazy. I am not asleep!

怎样才能让我的室友不再磨牙？我简直要疯了，我根本睡不着！

2. If you really hate **buck teeth**, get **braces**. 如果你确实讨厌你的龅/獠牙，那带牙套吧。

3. When did you **have your teeth cleaned** last time? 你上次洗牙是什么时候？

4. Do you **floss** every day? 你每天用牙线吗？

Brush your teeth after each meal and **floss** daily.

5. My **gum** has been bleeding a lot lately. 我的牙龈最近总出血。

When not removed, **plaque** causes tooth decay and **gum disease**.


6. How much does it cost to **fill a cavity**? My tooth is killing me and I don't have insurance.

补个牙得多少钱？我牙疼得受不了了，我没上保险。

7. My **wisdom teeth** hurt! What should I do to stop the pain? I have sucked on an ice cube and it didn't work. 我长智齿了，好疼！有什么办法可以镇痛？我刚含了一个冰块，不管用。

8. I just put glue on my Grandma's **false teeth**. Haha！我刚在我奶奶的假牙上涂了胶水，哈哈！

9. How can I pull out my tooth with one side **loose** and the other side **stubbornly stuck on**?

我有一个牙的一边松了，另一边长得还挺牢的，我怎样才能把它拔出来呢？

10. **Gap-toothed** models are dominating the fashion world lately. 最近，牙齿有缝的模特在时尚界特别走俏。

She does a 20-minute **workout** every morning.

====== Medical ======
**intravenous** infusion: 静脉输液

Your blood pressure reading **shows up** as two numbers. 
  * The top number is the **systolic** blood pressure (SBP). It **reflects** blood pressure when the heart is **contracting**, and is the higher of the two numbers. 
  * The bottom number is the **diastolic** blood pressure (DBP). It reflects blood pressure when the heart is **relaxing** and and allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
  * **systolic**: 收缩
    * systol-, -systole, -systolic, -stole: Greek > Latin: contraction; to draw together
  * **diastolic**:舒张
  * **diastole** /dʌɪˈastəli/：the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
    * dia- (part) + -stole (contraction)



If you get in the **wheelchair** I'll take you down to see the garden.

I'm just looking for the best **vein** in which to **insert the needle**. 

I had an emergency **C-section** because the **umbilical cord** was wrapped around the baby's neck.脐带
  * C-section : Cesarean /sɪˈzɛːrɪən/ delivery (C-section) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. 
  * **Cesarean** : of or effected by cesarean section. 剖宫产
  * **uterus** /ˈjuːt(ə)rəs/: the organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are **conceived** and in which they **gestate** before birth; the **womb**. 子宫
  * gestate /dʒɛˈsteɪt/: carry a **fetus** in the womb from conception to birth.
  * fetus /ˈfiːtəs/: an unborn or unhatched offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human more than eight weeks after conception

The **test results** came back negative. You aren't pregnant.

The incision was **tender** after the surgery: painful when touched or used

You have all of the **symptoms** of a diabetic.

I **sprained** my knee playing soccer: an injury (less serious than a break) to a joint (ankle,wrist,knee etc)

I knew my ankle was **sprained** because it was so **swollen**.
  * **sprained**: wrench or twist the **ligaments** of (an ankle, wrist, or other joint) violently so as to cause pain and swelling but not dislocation.
  * **ligaments** :a short band of tough, flexible **fibrous** connective tissue which connects two bones or **cartilages** or holds together a joint.韧带
    * lig-: Latin: tie, bind
  * cartilages: firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the **larynx** and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It is more widespread in the infant skeleton, being replaced by bone during growth. 软骨
  * **fibrous** /ˈfʌɪbrəs/: consisting of or characterized by fibres.
  * **larynx** /ˈlarɪŋks/: the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.喉

It may **sting** when I insert the needle: sharp, temporary pain

Ever since I injured my leg I've been having muscle **spasms** in my upper **thigh**: the uncontrollable tightening of a muscle
  * spasms /ˈspaz(ə)m/: A sudden involuntary muscular contraction or convulsive movement.
  * involuntary /ɪnˈvɒlənt(ə)ri/: done without will or **conscious** control.
  * volen-, volunt-, voli-, vol-: Latin: will, free will, free choice; to wish; personal desire
  * in-: not

I have a **sore** throat and a runny nose.

The woman was in **shock** after being pulled from the river: body not getting enough blood flow

**epilepsy**: a brain condition which causes a person to suddenly lose consciousness and sometimes to have fits.癫痫

People who suffer from **epilepsy** are prone to **seizures**: sudden violent movements or unconsciousness caused by electrical signal malfunction in the brain
  * epilepsy /ɛpɪlɛpsi/: 
    * epi-, ep-: Greek: above, over, on, upon; besides; in addition to; toward; among
    * -lepsy, -lepsia, -lepsis, -leptic: Greek: a suffix; a violent attack, a seizing
 * seizures: a sudden attack of illness, especially a stroke or an epileptic fit.

I went to another doctor to get **a second opinion** about these headaches.

I have to **scrub up** and get ready for surgery: carefully wash hands 
  * **scrub**: Rub (someone or something) hard so as to clean them, typically with a brush and water.

====== Oral ======
I Just wanted to say ... [I Jus wan idə say]
Excuse me. [skjuz me]

  * I **bet you** did: t+you=chew
  * but you: t+y=[ch]
  * Did you: D+you=Joo[dʒuː]


They are there: [ðɛ] [/ðɛ] same pronunciation

**Going to** do sth: [G∧nə]

get out of [ge-dou duf]

at all [a-dall]

I **cann't eat** that [can-eat]   

can [kin]

let her go [le-der-go]

international [innernaional]

but he is alone  [bu-deez alone]

for**ty** [fo**Di**]

Why don't you go see Frankie
  * why don-chu go see Frankie
  * Why-n-chu go see Frankie

probably -> [pro-bly]

because -> [cuz]

I have -> [I-av]

  * I can **do** it
  * I **cannot** do it
  * 
stop it [sto-pit]

lied about [lie-da-bout]



have [**uhv**] or even [uh].
  * You **must have** done it -> you **[mus-duv]** done it or you [musta] done it

months of life [mon-suf lif] 

glass of milk: gla-suf milk