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Linux Admin

Add User to groups

For example, add user jerry to groups ftp, www_data:

useradd -G ftp,www_data jerry

====== Shorthand at the Command Prompt ====== -

  • / : root directory
  • ./ : current directory
  • ./command_name : run a command in the current directory when the current directory is not on the path
  • ../ : parent directory
  • ~ : home directory
  • $ : typical prompt when logged in as ordinary user
  • # : typical prompt when logged in as root or superuser
  • ! : repeat specified command
  • !! : repeat previous command
  • ^^ : repeat previous command with substitution
  • & : run a program in background mode
  • Tab][Tab] : prints a list of all available commands. This is just an example of autocomplete with no restriction on the first letter.
  • x[Tab][Tab] : prints a list of all available completions for a command, where the beginning is ``x''
  • [Alt][Ctrl][F1] : switch to the first virtual text console
  • [Alt][Ctrl][Fn] : switch to the nth virtual text console. Typically, there are six on a Linux PC system.
  • [Alt][Ctrl][F7] : switch to the first GUI console, if there is one running. If the graphical console freezes, one can switch to a nongraphical console, kill the process that is giving problems, and switch back to the graphical console using this shortcut.
  • [ArrowUp] : scroll through the command history (in bash)
  • [Shift][PageUp] : scroll terminal output up. This also works at the login prompt, so you can scroll through your boot messages.
  • [Shift][PageDown] : scroll terminal output down
  • [Ctrl][Alt][+] : switch to next X server resolution (if the server is set up for more than one resolution)
  • [Ctrl][Alt][: ] : change to previous X server resolution
  • [Ctrl][Alt][BkSpc] : kill the current X server. Used when normal exit is not possible.
  • [Ctrl][Alt][Del] : shut down the system and reboot
  • [Ctrl]c : kill the current process
  • [Ctrl]d : logout from the current terminal
  • [Ctrl]s : stop transfer to current terminal
  • [Ctrl]q : resume transfer to current terminal. This should be tried if the terminal stops responding.
  • [Ctrl]z : send current process to the background
  • reset : restore a terminal to its default settings
  • [Leftmousebutton] : Hold down left mouse button and drag to highlight text. Releasing the button copies the region to the text buffer under X and (if gpm is installed) in console mode.
  • [Middlemousebutton] : Copies text from the text buffer and inserts it at the cursor location. With a two: button mouse, click on both buttons simultaneously. It is necessary for three: button emulation to be enabled, either under gpm or in XF86Config.
mywiki/linux/linuxadmin.1422839357.txt.gz · Last modified: (external edit)